Apple Musical Toy Instrument 72 User Manual

QuickTime 7.2  
User’s Guide  
Includes instructions for  
using QuickTime Pro  
For Mac OS X version 10.3.9 or later, and Windows XP  
 
3
Contents  
Preface  
Welcome to QuickTime  
What Is QuickTime Pro?  
New in QuickTime Player  
New in QuickTime Pro  
System Requirements  
Types of Files QuickTime Supports  
10 Checking for New Versions of QuickTime  
10 Using Onscreen Help  
10 Where to Go for Additional Information  
Chapter 1  
11 Using QuickTime Player  
11 Opening and Playing Files  
Opening and Playing Movies in QuickTime Player  
Opening and Playing Files in a Web Browser  
Viewing QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) Movies  
Viewing Still Images  
Opening Recently Used Files  
Finding Movies Quickly Using QuickTime Favorites  
Playing Copy-Protected Movies  
Viewing Information About a File  
18 Controlling Playback  
20  
20  
21  
21  
22  
Adjusting Audio and Video Settings  
Changing Playback Preferences  
Viewing Movies at Full Screen  
Changing Movie Size for Playback  
Looping a Movie  
Simultaneously Playing Multiple Movies  
Using Frame Number and Time Codes  
Navigating a Movie by Frame Number or Time Code  
Finding Text in a Text Track  
3
 
Preventing Users from Changing QuickTime Settings  
Viewing Movies that have Flash Content  
Chapter 2  
23 Getting Started with QuickTime Pro  
23 Getting QuickTime Pro  
23 Using Advanced Playback Options  
Playing a Movie on a Second Display  
Presenting a Movie as a Slideshow  
Changing the Color Around a Movie  
Loading Movies into RAM for Better Playback  
25 Creating Movies and Other Media  
Recording Video and Audio  
About Saving Movies  
Saving Movies from the Internet  
Creating a Slideshow or Animation from Still Images  
Creating a Still Image from a Movie  
Converting Files into QuickTime Movies  
29 Sharing Movies by Email or the Web  
Chapter 3  
30 Editing and Authoring with QuickTime Pro  
30 Simple Editing  
Selecting and Playing Part of a Movie  
Cutting, Copying, or Deleting a Section of a Movie  
Combining Two QuickTime Movies into One  
32 Working with Tracks  
Turning Tracks On or Off  
Extracting, Adding, and Moving Tracks  
Working with Audio Tracks  
Presenting Multiple Movies in the Same Window  
Pasting Graphics and Text into a Movie  
Working with Text Tracks  
Specifying Languages for Individual Tracks  
38 Changing Movie Properties  
39  
39  
41  
41  
41  
Adding Annotations to a Movie  
Resizing, Flipping, or Rotating a Movie  
Changing a Movie’s Shape with a Video Mask  
Changing a Track’s Transparency  
Creating a Chapter List for a Movie  
Setting a Movie’s Poster Frame  
Saving a Movie with Specific Playback Settings  
Changing the Movie Controller Type  
4
Contents  
 
Chapter 4  
42 Exporting Files with QuickTime Pro  
42 About Video and Audio Compression  
43 Exporting Files Using Presets  
Customizing Video Export Settings  
45 Adding Special Effects and Filters to a QuickTime Movie  
Changing Image (Frame) Size  
46 Preparing Movies for Internet Delivery  
Preparing a Movie for Fast Start  
Preparing a Movie for Real-Time Streaming  
Creating Reference Movies to Optimize Web Playback  
48 Exporting MPEG-4 Files  
MPEG-4 Video Export Options  
MPEG-4 Audio Export Options  
MPEG-4 Streaming Export Options  
50 Exporting 3G Files  
3G File Format Export Options  
3G Video Export Options  
3G Audio Export Options  
3G Text Options  
3G Streaming Options  
3G Advanced Options  
54 Shortcuts and Tips  
54 QuickTime Player Keyboard Shortcuts  
55 QuickTime Pro Keyboard Shortcuts  
55 Automating QuickTime Player with AppleScript  
56 Automating QuickTime Player on Windows  
Glossary  
Index  
57  
60  
Contents  
5
 
Welcome to QuickTime  
Want to play movies from your hard disk or the Internet?  
QuickTime Player makes it easy.  
What Is QuickTime?  
QuickTime Player is a free multimedia player. You can use it to view many kinds of files,  
including video, audio, still images, graphics, and virtual reality (VR) movies. QuickTime  
supports the most popular formats on the Internet for news, sports, education, movie  
trailers, and other entertainment.  
QuickTime is also a multimedia architecture that other applications can leverage. Some  
of the most popular software—such as iTunes, iMovie, and Final Cut Pro from Apple, as  
well as many third-party programs—uses the QuickTime architecture for important  
multimedia functions. These applications require QuickTime to be installed in order to  
function properly.  
What Is QuickTime Pro?  
You can easily add a host of useful features to your QuickTime software by purchasing  
QuickTime Pro. With QuickTime Pro, you can:  
 Save files from the Internet  
 Edit audio and video  
 Record audio (Mac OS X and Windows) and video (Mac OS X only)  
 Add special effects  
 Create slideshows  
 Convert and save video, audio, and images to more than a hundred standard formats  
For information about how to start using QuickTime Pro, see “Getting QuickTime Pro”  
on page 23.  
6
 
       
What’s New in QuickTime 7?  
Both the free QuickTime Player and QuickTime Pro provide a host of new features.  
New in QuickTime Player  
 H.264 video support. This state-of-the-art, standards-based codec delivers  
exceptional-quality video at the lowest data rate possible, across data rates ranging  
from 3G to HD and beyond.  
 Live resize. Playback continues smoothly as you change the size of the QuickTime  
Player window. (Some hardware requirements may apply.)  
 Zero-configuration streaming. You no longer need to set your Internet connection  
speed in QuickTime Preferences. QuickTime automatically determines the best  
connection speed for your computer. If a connection is lost during streaming,  
QuickTime automatically reconnects to the server.  
 Surround sound. QuickTime Player can now play up to 24 channels of audio. With  
QuickTime 7, your Mac, and surround speakers, you can enjoy the full effect of your  
surround sound movie or game.  
 New and improved playback controls. Use the new A/V Controls window to adjust  
settings for the best viewing experience. Easily change settings including jog shuttle,  
playback speed, bass, treble, and balance.  
 All-new content guide. The all-new QuickTime Content Guide provides the latest in  
entertainment on the Internet.  
 Full screen playback. Get the most out of your display by using every pixel possible.  
Thee new modes allow you fit the content to any size screen.  
 Additional keyboard shortcuts. QuickTime Player now supports the same transport  
control keyboard shortcuts as Final Cut Pro. While viewing a movie, press J, K, or L to  
rewind, pause, or resume playback at variable speeds.  
 Closed Captioning. An option in QuickTime Player Preferences allows you to display  
standard CEA-608 closed captions, when they’re available in your movies.  
 Timecode Display. QuickTime Player now allows you to switch between displaying  
movie time, timecode, and frame count. You can also jump to a specific timecode or  
frame number using the keyboard.  
 Spotlight-friendly media. With Mac OS X v10.4 or later, you can use Spotlight to  
easily find your QuickTime content. Spotlight can search for movie attributes such as  
artist, copyright, codec, and so on.  
 Screen reader compatibility. Using VoiceOver, included with Mac OS X v10.4 or later,  
visually impaired users can enjoy QuickTime Player features.  
 Easy access to QuickTime Pro. When you use the free QuickTime Player, features  
available only in QuickTime Pro displayProby their name. If you choose one of  
these items, you’ll see a definition of the feature and learn how to purchase  
QuickTime Pro. (To purchase QuickTime Pro, you must be connected to the Internet  
using the computer on which you want to install the software.)  
Preface Welcome to QuickTime  
7
 
     
New in QuickTime Pro  
QuickTime 7 Pro users enjoy not only all the great features in QuickTime Player, but also  
the following new QuickTime Pro capabilities:  
 Floating controls. Full-screen mode now provides floating DVD-like controls for easy  
access to functions like pause, play, fast-forward, and rewind. Move your mouse and  
the full-screen controller appears on the screen for several seconds.  
 Create H.264 video. Use this codec for all your video encoding needs. Create  
content ranging in size from HD (high definition) to 3G (for mobile devices), and  
everything in between.  
 Create surround audio. Create a rich multimedia experience for your customers by  
adding multi-channel audio to your movie. If some of your customers don’t have  
surround speakers, don’t worry; QuickTime automatically mixes the audio to work  
with the speaker setup of each user.  
 Improved movie authoring. Editing tasks are much easier with new hot keys for in  
and out points. In addition, the Movie Properties interface has been completely  
redesigned to facilitate simple and efficient movie authoring.  
 New AAC constant-quality mode. Create AAC audio files optimized for constant  
quality rather than a constant bit rate for a consistently high-quality listening  
experience.  
 3G streaming. Create 3G files for RTSP streaming that are fully interoperable with  
other 3G streaming handsets and delivery architectures.  
 Conform to Aperture. View a movie’s aperture mode, and choose to have the movie  
conform to new aperture settings, including pixel shape.  
 Deinterlace source video. When exporting with theMovie to QuickTime Movie”  
option, you can now deinterlace the video by setting an option in Export Size  
settings.  
 Export to Apple TV and iPod. New presets allow you to easily export your movies in  
formats optimized for use with Apple TV and iPod.  
 Concurrent exports. Export multiple files simultaneously—and continue with your  
next playback or editing task.  
New for Mac OS X  
In addition to the capabilities above, QuickTime Pro for Mac OS X provides these  
capabilities:  
 Video recording. With a digital video camera connected to your Mac, you can  
quickly create video postcards to share with family and friends.  
 Movie sharing. Easily create a movie file for sending via email or posting to a  
website.  
8
Preface Welcome to QuickTime  
 
 
 Automator integration. With Mac OS X v10.4 Tiger or later, employ the easy-to-use  
interface of Automator for streamlining your QuickTime workflow. QuickTime 7 Pro  
users have exclusive access to a set of QuickTime-based Automator actions for easily  
automating such tasks as starting and stopping captures, hinting movies, enabling  
tracks, and more. With Automator and QuickTime 7 Pro, you can also create your own  
personal set of QuickTime-based Automator actions.  
System Requirements  
For Mac OS computers:  
 A 400 MHz or faster G3 PowerPC–based or Intel-based Macintosh computer  
 At least 128 MB of RAM  
 Mac OS X version 10.3.9 or later  
For Windows computers:  
 A Pentium processor–based PC or compatible computer  
 At least 128 MB of RAM  
 Windows XP Service Pack 2  
Types of Files QuickTime Supports  
You can open (import) dozens of types of media with QuickTime. Some of the formats  
you can open in QuickTime include the following:  
 Video formats: MOV, MPEG-1, MPEG-2,1 MPEG-4, 3GPP, 3GPP2, JPEG, DV,  
Motion JPEG, AVI, MQV, H.264  
 Audio formats: AIFF/AIFC, Audio CD, CAF, MOV, MP3, MPEG-4, AU, WAV, iTunes audio  
 Still-image formats: BMP, GIF, JPEG/JFIF, JPEG 2000, PDF, MacPaint, PICT, PNG,  
Photoshop (including layers), SGI, Targa, FlashPix (including layers), TIFF (including  
layers)  
 Animation formats: Animated GIF, FLC, Flash, PICS  
 Other formats: KAR (Karaoke), MIDI, QuickDraw GX, QuickTime Image File,  
QuickTime VR, Text  
For a complete list of supported formats, see the Products area of the QuickTime  
website.  
To determine if QuickTime Player can open a file, choose File > Open File and select the  
file you want to open. You will be able to select only files that can be imported.  
1. MPEG-2 playback is available via the QuickTime MPEG-2 Playback Component, sold separately at the Apple Store  
online. Because some file formats can contain many different kinds of audio and video, QuickTime may not be able  
to play all audio and video formats within a particular file format.  
Preface Welcome to QuickTime  
9
 
           
Checking for New Versions of QuickTime  
From time to time, Apple releases new versions of QuickTime. If you’re connected to  
the Internet while using QuickTime Player, you’ll be notified when there’s a newer  
version of QuickTime available. It’s a good idea to have the latest version of the  
software installed on your computer.  
To check for a new version of QuickTime (if you are using Mac OS X), choose QuickTime  
Player > Update Existing Software. In Windows, choose Edit > Preferences > QuickTime  
Preferences, and then choose Update Check.  
Using Onscreen Help  
While QuickTime is open, you can see instructions for performing tasks by choosing  
Help > QuickTime Player Help.  
Where to Go for Additional Information  
Consult the resources listed below for more information about QuickTime:  
 Latest QuickTime content listings. QuickTime Player includes an up-to-the-minute  
guide to the best in QuickTime content. You can view the latest news, entertainment,  
educational features, and more. You can also listen to audio programs. To view the  
content guide, open QuickTime Player and choose Window > Show Content Guide.  
 QuickTime News. For the latest news about QuickTime content and products, sign  
up for the QuickTime newsletter at applenews.lists.apple.com/subscribe.  
 Tutorials and tips. For step-by-step tutorials and a collection of instructional books  
 Discussion lists. Sign up with one of the many QuickTime-specific discussion lists to  
post messages, exchange ideas and information, and keep current with the latest  
 Developer support. If you’re interested in developing products using QuickTime, go  
to developer.apple.com/quicktime.  
support.  
10  
Preface Welcome to QuickTime  
 
           
1
Using QuickTime Player  
1
This chapter explains the basics of using  
QuickTime Player.  
Opening and Playing Files  
You can open and play QuickTime movies in QuickTime Player or in your web browser.  
Opening and Playing Movies in QuickTime Player  
You can use QuickTime Player to play media stored on your computer’s hard disk, a CD,  
a DVD, or the Internet.  
To open a movie on your hard disk, a CD, or a DVD, do one of the following:  
 In the Finder (or Windows Explorer), double-click the file or drag it to the QuickTime  
Player application icon.  
 Choose File > Open and select the file.  
 Drag the file to the QuickTime Player icon in the Dock (Mac OS X only).  
To open a movie on the Internet, open QuickTime Player, choose File > Open URL, and  
enter the URL (the Internet address) for the movie file.  
When audio is  
detected, you’ll  
see activity in  
the equalizer.  
Playhead  
Volume  
Drag to resize  
the window.  
Go to  
beginning;  
rewind  
Fast-forward; go to end  
Play/Pause  
11  
 
               
QuickTime Player has onscreen controls similar to those found on CD players and DVD  
players. Use the controls to play, pause, rewind, fast-forward, jump to the beginning or  
end, and adjust the volume of a QuickTime movie. You can also use the controls to  
move forward or backward in a movie.  
To go to a specific point in the movie, drag the playhead (the small black triangle) in  
the timeline. To step through frame-by-frame, first click the small black triangle and  
then press the Right or Left Arrow keys on your keyboard.  
Some movies have chapter lists you can use to jump to a specific point in a movie. If a  
movie has a chapter list, a pop-up menu appears between the timeline and the  
equalizer.  
Choose a chapter from  
the pop-up menu to  
jump to that chapter.  
You can drag the handle in the lower-right corner of the window to resize the viewing  
space.  
Opening and Playing Files in a Web Browser  
With the QuickTime plug-in (part of the free QuickTime software), you can play most  
multimedia you encounter on the Internet within your web browser. On some  
websites, movies play automatically. On other sites, you need to click an image of the  
movie or a play button.  
When a movie plays on a webpage, you typically see controls you can use to play,  
pause, fast-forward, rewind, and adjust the volume of the movie.  
The playhead  
Volume  
QuickTime Pro menu  
Play/Pause  
Rewind; fast-forward  
To play a movie in a web browser, go to the website and follow the site’s instructions to  
watch the movie.  
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Chapter 1 Using QuickTime Player  
 
         
With QuickTime Pro, you also have the option of saving the movie to your hard disk (if  
the author of the movie allows it). To save a movie from the web, click the downward-  
pointing arrow on the right and chooseSave as QuickTime MovieorSave as Source”  
from the QuickTime Pro menu. If the movie is a Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)  
movie, it is saved as a smallreference moviethat points to the actual movie on the  
Internet.  
The QuickTime website has a number of QuickTime movies (including the latest movie  
Adjusting Playback Preferences for Internet Movies  
When you watch movies on the Internet, they start playing automatically. You can,  
however, download entire movies to your hard disk before they start playing so that  
you can watch the movies at your convenience.  
To download movies before they start playing (in Mac OS X):  
1 Choose QuickTime Player > QuickTime Preferences and click Browser.  
2 DeselectPlay movies automatically.”  
To download movies before they start playing (in Windows):  
1 Choose Edit > Preferences > QuickTime Preferences.  
2 Choose Browser.  
3 DeselectPlay movies automatically.”  
So that you don’t have to download movies and images each time you view them on a  
website, QuickTime can save these files in a storage area called a cache. If you view a  
movie or image more than once, having the item cached improves performance. To  
have QuickTime cache movies and images you view on the Internet, select “Save  
movies in disk cache.You might not want to select this option if you don't have  
sufficient free space on your hard disk to allocate a cache, or if, for security reasons, you  
don't want movie data stored in a cache file.  
You can specify how big to make the cache by changing the Movie Cache Size setting.  
How big you make the cache depends on how much free space your hard disk has. A  
larger cache can hold more files (or larger files), but it takes up more space on your  
hard disk.  
After the QuickTime cache fills all the space reserved for it, older items are  
automatically deleted from the cache when new items are added. To clear the cache,  
click Empty Download Cache (in Windows, choose Download Cache in QuickTime  
Settings and then click Empty Cache Now). You might want to clear the cache for  
security or privacy reasons, or to recover free space on your hard disk.  
Chapter 1 Using QuickTime Player  
13  
 
               
QuickTime automatically detects your Internet connection speed so that you get the  
highest-quality QuickTime content that your Internet connection can support. If movies  
you’re watching on the Internet don’t play properly, however, it may help to change the  
connection speed setting.  
To change the connection speed setting in Mac OS X, open QuickTime Preferences and  
click Streaming. In Windows, open QuickTime Preferences and choose Connection  
Speed.  
QuickTime tries to play versions of the movie authored to match the connection speed  
you choose. If you choose a speed slower than your actual connection speed, the  
resulting movie may be smaller in size and lower in quality than your connection can  
actually support.  
If you choose a speed faster than your actual connection, QuickTime playback may  
stutter or appear jerky because it is sending more data than your connection can  
support.  
If you’re unsure of your connection speed, check with your Internet service provider  
(ISP).  
If you change your connection speed setting and later want to make QuickTime  
automatically detect your speed again, choose Automatic from the Streaming Speed  
pop-up menu (in Mac OS X).  
To set the Internet connection speed in Windows, choose Edit > Preferences >  
QuickTime Preferences, and then follow the directions above.  
Instant-On  
QuickTime includes Instant-On, a technology that dramatically reduces buffer (wait)  
time when you view streamed video. Instant-On provides an instantaneous viewing  
experience; you can navigate quickly through video as if it were on your hard disk.  
To experience Instant-On, you must have a broadband connection. The responsiveness  
of Instant-On is affected by available bandwidth and the size, or data rate, of the  
content. It can also be affected by the codec used to compress the streaming video.  
Instant-On is on by default. If you experience problems with streamed video, you can  
change the wait time (drag the Play slider) or turn off Instant-On (open QuickTime  
Preferences and click Streaming).  
Viewing Streamed Files Behind a Firewall  
QuickTime streaming chooses the best protocol (a method of communicating via the  
Internet) for your needs. Typically, QuickTime streaming uses Real-Time Streaming  
Protocol (RTSP) to ensure the best performance. If your network connection is  
protected by a firewall, you may want to use the HTTP protocol instead.  
14  
Chapter 1 Using QuickTime Player  
 
             
To use HTTP streaming (in Mac OS X):  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose QuickTime Player > QuickTime Preferences (or open  
System Preferences and click QuickTime).  
2 Click Advanced.  
3 Choose Custom from the Transport Setup pop-up menu.  
4 Choose HTTP from the Transport Protocol pop-up menu.  
To use HTTP streaming (in Windows):  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose Edit > Preferences > QuickTime Preferences.  
2 Choose Advanced.  
3 Choose Custom from the Transport Setup pop-up menu.  
4 Choose HTTP from the Transport Protocol pop-up menu.  
If QuickTime can configure itself for your firewall, you can now watch streaming  
or see the information on the Apple QuickTime website (www.apple.com/quicktime/).  
Setting QuickTime to Handle More or Fewer File Types (MIME Settings)  
When files are downloaded over the Internet, each file is assigned a MIME type to  
indicate what kind of file it is. Your browser keeps track of which plug-in should be  
used to display each kind of file.  
QuickTime can display a wide variety of file types. To make QuickTime handle more or  
fewer file types, you can edit the MIME type settings. If you edit the list, you can return  
to the default list by following the instructions below and clicking Use Defaults.  
To edit MIME settings in Mac OS X, open QuickTime Preferences and click Advanced. In  
Windows, choose Edit > Preferences > QuickTime Preferences, choose Browser, and  
click MIME Settings.  
Viewing QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) Movies  
QTVR movies display three-dimensional places (panoramas) and objects with which the  
user can interact. With a QTVR panorama, it’s as if you’re standing in the scene and you  
can look around you up to 360 degrees in any direction. In a QTVR movie of an object,  
you can rotate the object in any direction.  
To pan through a QTVR movie, drag the cursor through the scene. To zoom in or out,  
click the + or – button. (If the buttons are not showing, zoom in by pressing Shift; zoom  
out by pressing Control.)  
Chapter 1 Using QuickTime Player  
15  
 
     
Some QTVR movies have hot spots that take you from one scene (or node) to another.  
As you move the mouse over a hot spot, the cursor changes to an arrow. To see all the  
places where you can jump from one node in a scene to another, click the Show Hot  
Spot button (an arrow with a question mark in it). A translucent blue outline of any hot  
spots within the currently visible VR scene appears. (If there are no hot spots, clicking  
this button has no effect.) Click a hot spot to jump to a new scene.  
To step backward scene by scene, click the Back button. (The Back button appears only  
on QTVR movie windows, not in all QuickTime movie windows.)  
Viewing Still Images  
You can view still images in QuickTime Player. Choose File > Open File and select the  
file, or drag the file to the QuickTime Player icon in the Dock (Mac OS X only).  
Mac OS X: You can use Preview to convert a still image to other formats (Preview is in  
the Applications folder on your hard disk). You can also convert many kinds of files  
using QuickTime Pro. For more information, see “Converting Files into QuickTime  
Movieson page 28.  
Windows: If you have QuickTime Pro, you can use PictureViewer to import and export  
various types of still image file formats and to rotate images. PictureViewer is in the  
QuickTime folder on your hard disk.  
Playing MIDI Files  
QuickTime Player can import MIDI (Karaoke MIDI, Standard MIDI, and General MIDI)  
formats. To open a MIDI file, choose File > Open File and select the file.  
QuickTime uses its built-in synthesizer to play MIDI files. You can also set QuickTime to  
use an external synthesizer instead of the built-in one.  
To specify a different synthesizer (in Mac OS X):  
1 Open System Preferences, click QuickTime, and then click Advanced.  
2 Choose the synthesizer you want from the Default Synthesizer pop-up menu.  
To specify a different synthesizer (in Windows):  
1 Choose Edit > Preferences > QuickTime Preferences.  
2 Click Audio.  
3 Select the synthesizer you want from the Default Music Synthesizer pop-up menu.  
16  
Chapter 1 Using QuickTime Player  
 
         
Opening Recently Used Files  
You can easily open recently used files.  
To open recently used files:  
m Choose File > Open Recent > [option]  
To change the number of items that appear in the Open Recent submenu (in  
Mac OS X), choose QuickTime Player > Preferences, click General, and choose an option  
from the Number of Recent Items pop-up menu. In Windows, choose Edit >  
Preferences > Player Preferences.  
Finding Movies Quickly Using QuickTime Favorites  
You can easily find and open movies by putting pointers to them in your QuickTime  
Favorites window. To view your list of favorites, choose Window > Favorites > Show  
Favorites.  
To add a movie to the Favorites list:  
1 Open the movie in QuickTime Player.  
2 Choose Window > Favorites > Add Movie As Favorite.  
You can also drag a file to the Favorites list window.  
To rearrange movies in the list, drag them. To delete an item from the list, drag the item  
to the Trash or select the item and press the Delete key. (In Windows, drag the item to  
the Recycle Bin or select the item and press the Backspace key.) Deleting an item from  
the Favorites list does not delete the file from your hard disk (or wherever the file is  
saved).  
Playing Copy-Protected Movies  
QuickTime movies can be encrypted so that only authorized viewers can watch them.  
Such movies are known assecured media files.To use such a file, you must enter a  
“media key,which is usually available from the media file provider.  
To enter a media key (in Mac OS X):  
1 Open System Preferences, click QuickTime, and click Advanced.  
2 Click Media Keys.  
3 Click the Add button and then enter the key provided by the author or vendor.  
To enter a media key (in Windows):  
1 Choose Edit > Preferences > QuickTime Preferences.  
2 Click Advanced.  
3 Click Media Keys.  
4 Click Add and then enter the key provided by the author or vendor.  
Chapter 1 Using QuickTime Player  
17  
 
           
Viewing Information About a File  
QuickTime Player can display information about a QuickTime file, such as its  
compression format, size, and frame rate while playing.  
To view information about a file:  
2 Choose Window > Show Movie Info.  
With QuickTime Pro, you can see additional information about a movie by choosing  
Window > Show Movie Properties. For more information about movie properties, see  
“Changing Movie Propertieson page 38.  
Controlling Playback  
You can change playback options such as balance, playback speed, the size at which a  
movie plays, and whether the QuickTime Player window shows. You can also optimize  
movies for playback on certain computers.  
Adjusting Audio and Video Settings  
For any QuickTime movie with an audio track, you can adjust the right/left balance, as  
well as the volume, bass, and treble levels. For any movie, you can also set playback  
options such as speed and playback rate (the jog shuttle).  
To set audio and video controls:  
1 Choose Window > Show A/V Controls.  
2 Drag a slider to adjust the setting.  
Other playback options (for playing several movies at once or for playing a movie while  
using another application, for example) are available in QuickTime Player Preferences.  
To open QuickTime Player Preferences (in Mac OS X), choose QuickTime Player >  
Preferences. In Windows, choose Edit > Preferences > Player Preferences. For more  
information, see “Changing Playback Preferences.”  
Changing Playback Preferences  
You can change playback preferences by choosing QuickTime Player > Preferences. The  
available options include:  
 Open movies in new players: Select to open movies in a new player window;  
deselect to replace the movie in the current player window with the new movie.  
 Automatically play movies when opened: Select to make all movies start playing  
when they’re opened; deselect to have the movie start when you click the Play  
button.  
 Use high-quality video settings when available: When this option is selected, video  
looks sharper and smoother, but more processor capacity is used.  
18  
Chapter 1 Using QuickTime Player  
 
                             
 Play sound in frontmost player only: Select to play the audio for only one  
QuickTime Player window (the active window); deselect to play the sound of all  
playing movies simultaneously.  
 Play sound when application is in background: Select to play audio even if  
QuickTime is not the frontmost application; deselect to mute the audio when  
QuickTime is not the active application.  
 Show equalizer: Select or deselect to show or hide the equalizer (which shows the  
presence of audio) in the QuickTime Player window.  
 Show Content Guide automatically: Select to see the latest content listings when  
QuickTime Player first opens (unless you open a specific movie file).  
 Pause movie before switching users: Select to automatically pause a movie when  
you use fast user switching to let another person use your computer.  
 Hide selection indicators for empty selection: Select to have the selection  
indicators in the timeline removed when no frames are selected.  
 Show closed captioning when available: Select to see the closed caption  
information, if captions have been provided by the movie’s creators.  
With QuickTime Pro, more options are available. For information about them, see  
“Getting QuickTime Proon page 23.  
Viewing Movies at Full Screen  
You can set the screen so that only the movie is visible, not the QuickTime Player  
window, desktop, or other windows. This presentation setting is calledfull-screen  
mode.(You can also set a movie to play at half size, double size, or other sizes.)  
To play a movie at full screen, do one of the following:  
 Choose View > Full Screen.  
 Choose View > Present Movie, choose Full Screen, and click Play.  
To quit full-screen mode, press Esc. To adjust the way the picture is sized to fit your  
screen, such as stretched to fit or in letterbox format, move the pointer to the top of  
the screen to display the QuickTime Player menu options, and then choose a setting  
from the View menu. The following additional options are available in full screen mode:  
 Fit to Screen: The content is scaled to fill your screen as fully as possible without  
cropping the movie or changing the aspect ratio.  
 Zoom: The content is scaled and cropped to completely fill your screen in at least  
one dimension. This can eliminate black areas on the top (letterboxing) or side  
(pillarboxing) but may hide or distort the content.  
 Panoramic: The content is scaled to fit your screen and the outer horizontal edges  
compressed to avoid cropping the image.  
Chapter 1 Using QuickTime Player  
19  
 
         
You can also set options for all movies playing at full screen. For example, you can hide  
the movie controls or change the amount of time they’re displayed before being  
hidden. To set these options in Mac OS X, choose QuickTime Player > Preferences and  
click Full Screen. To set these options in Windows, choose Edit > Preferences >  
Player Preferences, and then click Full Screen.  
Note: As long asDisplay full-screen controlsis selected in QuickTime Player  
Preferences, you can make hidden controls appear by moving the pointer.  
Changing Movie Size for Playback  
QuickTime Player includes several options for changing movie playback size.  
To change a movie’s playback size, choose View > [a size], or drag the resize control in  
the lower-right corner of the window. To stretch the movie in any direction, hold down  
the Shift key when you drag (holding down the Shift key while dragging doesn’t  
preserve the aspect ratio).  
To return the movie to its default size and aspect ratio, press Command-1 (in Windows,  
press Alt-1).  
You can also view movies at full screen, with additional sizing options available during  
full-screen playback. For more information, see “Viewing Movies at Full Screenon  
page 19.  
Looping a Movie  
You can play a movie repeatedly. When the movie finishes, it automatically starts  
playing again.  
To loop a movie:  
m Choose View > Loop.  
With QuickTime Pro, you can also play the movie forward and then backward  
repeatedly by choosing View > Loop Back and Forth.  
Simultaneously Playing Multiple Movies  
You can have more than one QuickTime Player window open at a time.  
 Double-click another movie file.  
 Choose View > Play All Movies.  
By default, when you have more than one QuickTime Player window open, the audio  
plays only on the active (frontmost) QuickTime Player window. For information about  
changing this setting, see “Changing Playback Preferenceson page 18.  
20  
Chapter 1 Using QuickTime Player  
 
           
Using Frame Number and Time Codes  
When you’re viewing a movie in QuickTime Player, you can display the current movie  
time or frame number, or the SMPTE time code if the movie has a time code track.  
(Some applications, such as Final Cut Pro, automatically add a time code during  
capture.)  
Displaying Frame Numbers, Movie Time, or Time Code  
The area next to the timeline in QuickTime Player displays the time information for the  
current movie.  
1 Click the time display area.  
2 Choose an option from the pop-up menu that appears:  
 Standard: Displays movie time in HH:MM:SS format.  
 Time Code: Displays the movie’s time code in HH:MM:SS:Frame format. Either the  
time code or drop-frame time code will be displayed, depending on the frames per  
second of the movie. A colon in the frame segment of the time notation indicates  
that a non-drop time code is being displayed. A semicolon indicates a drop-frame  
time code. If the movie has a time code track, it will be used. Otherwise, the time  
code will be calculated from 00:00:00:00 at the start of the movie.  
 Frame Number: Displays the frame number, incrementing from 0 at the start of the  
movie. Anf“ in the time display area indicates that the frame count is being  
displayed.  
Navigating a Movie by Frame Number or Time Code  
You can jump to a point in a movie by entering a specific frame number or time code.  
 Double-click the time display, and then press the arrow keys or type a new time or  
frame number.  
 To select the entire time display, double-click the area, or click the area and then  
press Command-A (in Mac OS X) or Control-A (in Windows).  
To enter a time, separate each unit with a period. For example, 5.02.10 will go to five  
minutes, two seconds, and 10 frames. To go to five minutes, zero seconds, and 10  
frames you can enter 5..10.  
Chapter 1 Using QuickTime Player  
21  
 
   
Finding Text in a Text Track  
Some movies contain text such as titles, credits, subtitles, or section headings. You can  
search for text in a movie so that, for example, you can find specific frames in the  
movie.  
To search for text in a QuickTime movie:  
1 Choose Edit > Find > Find.  
If this command is unavailable, the movie does not have a text track.  
2 In the Find dialog, type the text you are looking for and click Next.  
Preventing Users from Changing QuickTime Settings  
If you’re using a computer in a public setting (at a kiosk, for example), you can prevent  
users from changing QuickTime settings and saving movies from the Internet.  
To set up QuickTime for use on a public computer (in Mac OS X):  
1 Open System Preferences, click QuickTime, and click Advanced.  
2 Select “Enable kiosk mode.”  
To set up QuickTime for use on a public computer (in Windows):  
1 Choose Edit > Preferences > QuickTime Preferences.  
2 Choose Browser Plug-in.  
3 SelectEnable kiosk mode.”  
Viewing Movies that have Flash Content  
Some QuickTime movies contain a Flash track . To enable these movies to play properly,  
you must turn on support for Flash within QuickTime.  
To enable Flash playback in QuickTime movies (in Mac OS X):  
1 Open System Preferences, click QuickTime, and click Advanced.  
2 SelectEnable Flash.”  
To enable Flash playback in QuickTime movies (in Windows):  
1 Choose Edit > Preferences > QuickTime Preferences.  
2 Choose Advanced.  
3 SelectEnable Flash.”  
22  
Chapter 1 Using QuickTime Player  
 
         
2
Getting Started  
with QuickTime Pro  
2
Learn how to use the advanced playback options in  
QuickTime Pro, create movie postcards, and share them  
via email or the web.  
Getting QuickTime Pro  
To get QuickTime Pro, choose a QuickTime Pro menu item and click Buy Now, or choose  
QuickTime Player > Buy QuickTime Pro.  
You must be connected to the Internet using the computer on which you want  
QuickTime Pro installed. You may need to restart QuickTime Player to make the new  
options available.  
Using Advanced Playback Options  
With QuickTime Pro, you have additional options for playing movies, such as playing a  
movie on a second display, and more.  
Playing a Movie on a Second Display  
With QuickTime Pro and a two-display setup with dual display support, you can play a  
movie on one display while working in another application on the other display. This  
arrangement is useful for presentations.  
Mac OS X: Make sure Mirror Displays is not selected. (Open System Preferences, click  
Displays, and click Arrangement. If you don’t see an Arrangement button, your  
computer does not support this feature.)  
Windows: Whether you can play a movie on a second display depends on your  
computer and monitor. Open the Display control panel, click Settings, and make sure  
that the second display is enabled. If it is not enabled, click it and make sureExtend  
my Windows desktop onto this monitoris selected.  
23  
 
                 
To play a movie on a second display:  
1 Open a movie in QuickTime Player.  
2 Choose View > Present Movie.  
The two displays are shown side by side; one contains the menu bar. The letterQ”  
appears on the display on which the movie will play. To play the movie on the other  
display, click it.  
3 Choose an option from the pop-up menu.  
To play the movie without displaying the QuickTime Player controls, choose Full Screen.  
4 Select Movie or Slideshow mode.  
In slideshow mode, you can advance frames by clicking the mouse or pressing the  
Right Arrow or Left Arrow key.  
5 Click Play.  
You can open other applications while the movie is playing. To make another  
application active, press Command-Tab (in Windows, Alt-Tab). You can now use the  
mouse and keyboard in other applications while the movie continues to play.  
To stop the movie before it ends, press Command-Tab (in Windows, Alt-Tab) to make  
QuickTime Player active, and then click the mouse.  
All QuickTime movie playback keyboard shortcuts are available in full-screen mode.  
Presenting a Movie as a Slideshow  
In a slideshow, the viewer clicks to advance to the next frame. With QuickTime Pro, you  
can set a movie to play as a slideshow.  
To play a movie as a slideshow:  
1 Choose View > Present Movie.  
2 Click Slideshow, then click Play.  
3 To advance the slideshow, click the mouse or press the Left or Right Arrow keys.  
Changing the Color Around a Movie  
By default, the onscreen area around the edge of a movie playing in full-screen mode is  
black, but you can change it to another color.  
To change a movie’s border color:  
1 Choose View > Present Movie.  
2 Click the color well to the right of the pop-up menu, then choose a color from the  
Colors window.  
If you have more than one display, you can have this color appear on all displays (not  
just the one playing the movie), by selectingDisplay background color on all screens.”  
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Chapter 2 Getting Started with QuickTime Pro  
 
       
Loading Movies into RAM for Better Playback  
QuickTime has two memory (RAM) options you can use to improve playback  
performance. Preload puts the entire movie into memory before it is played; Cache  
keeps movie data in memory after it has played. This option is useful for small files you  
want to loop.  
With QuickTime Pro, you can adjust memory options for a QuickTime movie track.  
To adjust memory options for a track:  
1 Choose Window > Show Movie Properties.  
2 Select the track you want to adjust and click Other Settings.  
3 To put the track into memory, selectPreload this track.”  
4 To keep track data in memory, select Cache.  
Use these options only with tracks that contain very small amounts of data; too much  
data in memory may cause poor performance, system errors, or unpredictable results.  
Creating Movies and Other Media  
With QuickTime Pro, you can create movies in various ways.  
Recording Video and Audio  
With a video camera and a Macintosh computer you can use QuickTime Pro to record a  
movie. QuickTime Pro can capture video from most FireWire-equipped sources,  
including the Apple iSight, DV cameras, and some webcams. With a Macintosh or  
Windows computer, you can also record audio using a built-in or external microphone.  
To record audio or video with QuickTime Pro:  
1 Connect the camera or microphone to the computer (unless you are using a built-in  
microphone).  
2 In QuickTime Pro, choose File > New Movie Recording (or File > New Audio Recording).  
A preview window appears, which you can use to adjust settings such as camera  
position, lighting, and audio level before you start recording.  
3 To start recording, click the Record button at the bottom of the window.  
4 To stop recording, click the button again.  
The movie you just recorded appears in a QuickTime movie window. By default, the  
movie is saved on the desktop, but you can choose a different default location in the  
Recording pane of QuickTime Player Preferences. To see where the movie has been  
saved, Command-click the icon at the top of the window.  
Chapter 2 Getting Started with QuickTime Pro  
25  
 
             
Setting Recording Options  
When you first use QuickTime Pro to record video or audio, settings are automatically  
chosen for you. If you want, you can change settings such as which recording device  
and format to use, and where recorded movies are stored.  
To change recording options:  
1 Choose QuickTime Player > Preferences.  
2 Click Recording (or Audio Recording in Windows).  
3 Choose the desired options for your video source, microphone, and quality, and then  
choose a default location to store recorded files.  
About Saving Movies  
With QuickTime Pro, you can create and edit movies, and then save them. When you  
choose File > Save As, you can save the movie as one of the following:  
 A self-contained movie includes all the data (video, audio, and so on) you used to  
create the movie within a single file.  
 A reference movie contains pointers to other movies (or parts of movies) stored  
elsewhere, such as in different folders on your hard disk or even on a web server.  
Pointers to other movies are created when, for example, you copy and paste part of  
a movie from one movie into another.  
If you are concerned about free space on your hard disk and can be sure your  
source movies won’t change location, you can save your movie as a reference  
movie; the media you copy and paste is stored as a space-saving pointer to that  
media, rather than being stored entirely inside your new movie file.  
When you play a reference movie, QuickTime follows the pointers to access and  
play the other movies (or parts of movies). To determine whether a movie contains  
pointers to other data, choose Window > Show Movie Properties, select the movie  
at the top of the window, and click Resources. If the file containing the movie does  
OS X, you can Command-click the icon to see the name and location of the file that  
contains the movie.  
The termreference movieis also used for the files you can create to intelligently  
deliver different-sized streams to different users depending on their connection  
speeds. For more information, see “Creating Reference Movies to Optimize Web  
Playbackon page 48.  
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Chapter 2 Getting Started with QuickTime Pro  
 
     
Saving Movies from the Internet  
With QuickTime Pro, you can save (download) a movie viewed in your web browser to  
your hard disk. (The movie must be authored to allow for saving.) If it’s a streaming  
movie, QuickTime Pro saves a smallreference moviethat points to the stream.  
To save an Internet movie on your hard disk:  
1 When the movie finishes loading (when the entire progress bar is filled with gray), click  
the down arrow in the playback controls.  
2 ChooseSave as QuickTime Movie.”  
If this command is not available, the movie is authored so that it cannot be saved.  
Creating a Slideshow or Animation from Still Images  
With QuickTime Pro, you can combine a series of still images to create a movie that  
plays like a slideshow. This process is an easy way to share the pictures from your  
digital camera or mobile phone.  
Note: Slideshows look best when all the images are the same size.  
To create a slideshow from still images:  
1 Put all the graphic files you want to include in a folder.  
2 Name each file with the same name followed by an increasing number; for example,  
“picture1,”“picture2.”  
Most digital cameras number files automatically. The numbers must be increasing but  
don’t have to be precisely sequential (for example, you could name the filespicture1,”  
“picture5,”“picture10,and so on).  
3 In QuickTime Player, choose File > Open Image Sequence, and then select the first file.  
4 Choose a frame rate (the number of frames displayed per second) from the Frame Rate  
pop-up menu.  
Slideshows usually work best when slides are shown at 2 to 3 seconds per frame.  
QuickTime Pro creates the movie, which shows each picture in sequence.  
5 Choose File > Save to name and save the movie.  
Chapter 2 Getting Started with QuickTime Pro  
27  
 
                   
You can add music to your slideshow by adding an audio track to your movie before  
saving it. Open an audio file, select the portion you want to add to the slideshow, and  
choose Edit > Copy. Select the slideshow (or a portion of it) and choose Edit > Select  
All, then choose Edit >Add to Selection and Scale.The audio is sped up or slowed  
down to fit the length of the paste destination (the pitch remains the same). For best  
results, make the slideshow length match that of the audio as closely as possible. You  
can also lengthen a soundtrack by adding multiple audio files to the movie, each  
beginning at a different point.  
opening a new player window, copying and pasting the audio into the new window,  
and then copying the slideshow and pasting it into the new window by choosing  
Edit >Add to Selection and Scale.”  
If you’re using Mac OS X: You can also use the recording feature in QuickTime Pro to  
narrate your slideshow. See “Recording Video and Audioon page 25.  
Creating a Still Image from a Movie  
With QuickTime Pro, you can export a single frame from a movie as an image file.  
To save a still image from a movie:  
1 Move the playhead to the frame you want to export.  
2 Choose File > Export.  
3 ChooseMovie to Picturefrom the Export pop-up menu.  
4 Click Options and choose a format from theCompression typepop-up menu.  
To export every frame from the movie as a series of images, chooseMovie to Image  
Sequence.Exporting every frame can generate a very large number of files; you may  
want to export to a folder rather than to the desktop.  
Converting Files into QuickTime Movies  
If you have QuickTime Pro, you can use QuickTime Player to convert many types of  
video, audio, graphics, and animation files (including Flash files) into QuickTime movies.  
To convert a file into a QuickTime movie, open it in QuickTime Player and then choose  
File > Save.  
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Chapter 2 Getting Started with QuickTime Pro  
 
           
Sharing Movies by Email or the Web  
With QuickTime Pro and Mac OS X it’s easy to create movies that are just right for  
sharing with others by email or on your .Mac HomePage. Simply select how you want  
to share your movie, and QuickTime Pro automatically creates a file suitable for that  
delivery method. (To use the Share feature to put your movie on the web, you need a  
.Mac account.)  
To share a movie:  
1 Choose File > Share.  
2 Click Email or HomePage.  
3 Choose a name and size for the movie.  
4 If you are going to publish your movie on the web, you can type a name for the movie  
(the name you type will appear on the webpage).  
5 Click Share.  
While the movie is being exported, you can click thexto cancel the export if  
necessary.  
If you click Email, a new message window opens in Mail, with your movie attached. If  
you click HomePage, your browser opens to the specified webpage, with the movie  
embedded. Send the URL to friends so that they can view the movie.  
Chapter 2 Getting Started with QuickTime Pro  
29  
 
       
3
Editing and Authoring  
with QuickTime Pro  
3
Learn how to use QuickTime Pro to edit movies,  
manipulate movie tracks, and much more.  
Simple Editing  
With QuickTime Pro, you can perform movie-editing tasks.  
Selecting and Playing Part of a Movie  
To perform editing functions such as Copy and Delete, in most cases you need to first  
select the desired portion of a movie. (If you don’t select anything, the edit commands  
work on the current frame.)  
To select a portion of a movie, move the In and Out selection markers. The darkened  
area between the two markers indicates the selected portion. To fine-tune the  
selection, select a marker and move it with the arrow keys. You can also move the  
playhead and press I (for In) or O (for Out) to set the start or end point of the selection,  
even while the movie is playing.  
The playhead  
Tip: To move the In or Out marker  
to a different position, drag the  
playhead to the desired position  
(or use the arrow keys), then press  
In and Out markers,  
showing the selected  
portion of the movie  
I or O.  
To play the selection, choose View > Play Selection Only (so that the checkmark  
appears), then click Play. To play the whole movie, choose View > Play Selection again  
(to remove the checkmark).  
With QuickTime Pro, you can save the movie (choose File > Save) so that the next time  
it is opened, only the part you selected plays.  
30  
 
         
Note: By default, the selection markers hide when nothing is selected, making it easy  
to determine whether or not a frame is selected. To turn off this option so that the  
selection markers appear even when nothing is selected, change theHide selection  
indicators for empty selectionoption in QuickTime Player preferences.  
Cutting, Copying, or Deleting a Section of a Movie  
Selecting and moving, copying, or deleting (trimming) part of a movie is easy in  
QuickTime Pro.  
To cut, copy, or delete part of a movie:  
1 Move the playhead until the desired frame appears, or select the part of the movie you  
want to modify (use the In and Out selection markers and the arrow keys).  
2 Choose Edit > Copy, Cut, or Delete.  
If you choose Copy or Cut, you can paste the selection elsewhere.  
3 Position the playhead where you want to paste the selection and choose Edit > Paste.  
QuickTime Pro inserts the selection you pasted at the position of the playhead.  
You can also delete all parts of a movie that are not selected by choosing Edit > “Trim  
to Selection.”  
Note: After you delete parts of a movie, the file size stays the same until you choose  
File > Save As and selectSave as a self-contained movie.”  
Combining Two QuickTime Movies into One  
With QuickTime Pro, you can easily add one movie to another to make one longer  
movie.  
To combine two movies:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose Edit > Select All to select the entire contents of the first  
movie.  
2 Choose Edit > Copy, then open the second movie.  
3 Move the playhead to the point at which you want to insert the movie (usually the very  
beginning or end of the original movie), and choose Edit > Paste.  
4 Choose File > Save As to name and save the new movie.  
Chapter 3 Editing and Authoring with QuickTime Pro  
31  
 
     
Working with Tracks  
A QuickTime movie is made up of one or moretracks.Each track stores a particular  
kind of data. For example, a QuickTime movie could have a video track, music tracks,  
and sound effects tracks.  
With QuickTime Pro, you can edit tracks individually. You can move tracks from one  
movie to another, turn a track on or off, delete tracks, or modify the information  
contained in a track.  
Audio narration  
Video 1  
Video 2  
Audio sound effects  
Text title  
Text credits  
Turning Tracks On or Off  
With QuickTime Pro, you can choose one or more tracks to enable or disable. For  
example, you might want to turn off tracks to simplify editing, or to hide a track in a  
final movie. When you export a movie, only enabled tracks are exported.  
To turn movie tracks on or off:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose Window > Show Movie Properties.  
The movie’s tracks appear in the list at the top of the Properties window.  
2 Use the Enable checkboxes to turn tracks on (selected) or off (deselected).  
To delete a track, drag it to the Trash, or select it and click Delete,.You can also choose  
Edit > Cut, or press the Delete key.  
Note: For audio tracks, other options are available by clicking Audio Settings. To play  
only the audio in the selected track, select Solo. To play the movie without audio, select  
Mute.  
Extracting, Adding, and Moving Tracks  
With QuickTime Pro, you can create a new movie from one or more tracks of an existing  
movie, while leaving the original movie file intact. For example, you could create a  
movie that uses only the audio from an existing movie. To do so, you extract the  
desired tracks.  
You can also add the extracted track to an existing movie.  
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Chapter 3 Editing and Authoring with QuickTime Pro  
 
             
To extract a track (and add it to another movie):  
1 Choose Window > Show Movie Properties.  
2 Select the desired track or tracks and click Extract.  
You can select more than one track by holding down the Shift key when you click.  
QuickTime creates a new movie containing the extracted tracks.  
3 To add the extracted track to another movie, select the movie (or the portion of it you  
want your pasted media to fit into) and choose Edit >Add to Movie.”  
When you add a track to a movie, the track’s duration is unaltered. For example, if you  
add a 10-second sound track to a 1-minute movie, the sound track plays for 10 seconds,  
starting at the position in the movie where you added the track.  
Toscalea track so that it stretches or compresses to a particular length, drag the In  
and Out markers of the target movie to select the duration you want the new track to  
cover and then choose Edit >Add to Selection and Scalein step 3. Scaling audio may  
change the speed of the audio (although the pitch remains the same when you play  
the movie in QuickTime Player). You could add video to sound instead, and speed up or  
slow down the video to match the audio. You might have better results if you compare  
the timelines of the two tracks and cut from one or the other until they have the same  
duration.  
Working with Audio Tracks  
QuickTime audio includes music tracks, which contain MIDI or other data, and sound  
tracks, which contain digitized audio.  
Adding an Audio Track to a QuickTime Movie  
You can easily add audio and other tracks to a QuickTime movie.  
To add an audio track to a movie:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose File > Open File and select the audio file you want to  
import.  
2 In the QuickTime Player window that opens, choose Edit > Select All to select the entire  
audio file, then choose Edit > Copy.  
3 Open the movie to which you want to add the audio.  
4 To add the audio to the whole movie, choose Edit > Add. To add the audio to a part of  
the movie, select a part and choose Edit >Add to Selection and Scale.  
“Add to Selection and Scaleslows down or speeds up the audio track to fit the length  
of the selected part of the movie; the pitch remains the same (when you play the  
movie in QuickTime Player). You could add video to sound instead, and speed up or  
slow down the video to match the audio. You might have better results if you compare  
the timelines of the two tracks and cut from one or the other until they have the same  
duration.  
Chapter 3 Editing and Authoring with QuickTime Pro  
33  
 
   
Note: If your audio and video are created by the same device, such as a DV camera,  
and are created at the same time, the audio and video will be synchronized.  
Changing Sound Track Volume Levels and Other Audio Settings  
With QuickTime Pro, you can change the volume and balance of audio and music  
tracks. For example, if a movie has more than one audio track, you can adjust the  
volume of the tracks relative to one another. You can also change the bass and treble  
levels.  
To change settings for an audio track:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose Window > Show Movie Properties.  
2 In the Properties window, select the audio track and click Audio Settings.  
3 Drag the sliders to adjust the settings.  
4 Use the pop-up menu to the right of each audio channel to specify where the channel’s  
sound should be directed.  
To direct a channel's sound to the subwoofer, choose LFE Screen. To specify a particular  
output for the audio device, choose one of the Discrete options. To silence a channel,  
choose Unused.  
5 To turn off the audio (without having to delete the track), select Mute. To play only the  
selected audio track, select Solo.  
6 To save the balance and channel settings with your movie, choose File > Save or  
Save As.  
Presenting Multiple Movies in the Same Window  
With QuickTime Pro, you can place multiple video tracks in the same window to play  
movies side by side or to create a picture-in-picture effect.  
To present multiple movies in the same window:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose Edit > Select All to select the entire contents of the first  
movie.  
2 Choose Edit > Copy, then open the second movie.  
3 Move the playhead to the point at which you want the first movie to begin playing  
(usually the beginning or end of the original movie), and choose Edit >Add to Movie.”  
4 Choose Window > Show Movie Properties, select the new video track, and click Visual  
Settings.  
5 Use the Current Size and Layer controls to set the new video to a desired size and layer  
(layers with lower numbers are farther forward, or moreon top”).  
For example, for a picture-within-a-picture effect, with the added movie inside the  
original movie, make the new movie smaller and assign it a lower layer number.  
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Chapter 3 Editing and Authoring with QuickTime Pro  
 
                   
Pasting Graphics and Text into a Movie  
If a pasted graphic is larger than the movie’s dimensions, QuickTime Pro resizes the  
movie to fit the dimensions of the graphic. For best results, size graphics (using a  
graphics program) to match the movie size before you insert them. You can export a  
single frame from the movie to use as a guide for text placement. (See “Creating a Still  
Image from a Movieon page 28.)  
To find a movie’s dimensions, choose Window > Show Movie Properties, select the  
video track, and click Visual Settings.  
To add graphics or text:  
1 Copy the text or graphic to the Clipboard.  
2 In QuickTime Player, move the playhead to the point at which you want the copied  
item to appear.  
3 Choose Edit > Paste.  
This procedure inserts the graphic into the movie at the Paste location, in its own  
frame. To paste the graphic onto the frame at the Paste location, choose Edit >”Add to  
Movie.”  
To make a graphic show up in more than one frame, select the portion of the movie  
you want to add it to and choose Edit >Add to Selection and Scale.You can use this  
technique to add a company logo throughout a movie. (Also see “Changing a Track’s  
Transparencyon page 39.)  
Working with Text Tracks  
You can add text to a QuickTime movie to create titles, credits, and subtitles. With  
QuickTime Pro, text tracks are searchable, so you can use keywords to find precise  
frames in the movie. The following topics provide details about adding text tracks.  
Adding a Text Track to a QuickTime Movie  
With QuickTime Pro, you can import a text file into a QuickTime movie.  
To add a text track:  
1 Create a text file containing the text you want in the movie, and save the file as text  
only (.txt).  
Separate each paragraph with a return character. Each paragraph appears in a separate  
frame of the movie. By default, each text frame is displayed for 2 seconds.  
2 In QuickTime Player, choose File > Open File and select the text file.  
3 Click Open.  
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Overlaying a Movie with Text  
With QuickTime Pro, you can use QuickTime Player to overlay (superimpose) text on a  
specific part of an existing movie.  
To overlay text:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose File > Open File and then select the text file.  
2 Choose Edit > Select All and then choose Edit > Copy. (In Windows, click Options,  
select the Keyed Text checkbox, and copy the track).  
3 Select the part of the movie on which you want to overlay the text.  
4 Choose Edit >Add to Selection and Scale.”  
5 Save as a self-contained movie.  
The text appears throughout the part of the movie you selected. For information about  
adjusting how long each line of text displays, see “Setting the Frame Duration of a Text  
Trackon page 36.  
Specifying Font Styles for Text Tracks  
With QuickTime Pro you can change the font attributes of a text track already in a  
movie. To do so, you export the track, make changes, then reimport the track.  
To change font styles for the text track:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose File > Export.  
2 ChooseText to Textfrom the Export pop-up menu.  
3 Click Options and selectShow Text, Descriptors, and Time.”  
4 Use a text editor to alter the values after the {QTtext} tag.  
5 Import the text track back into your movie.  
In Windows, click Convert. To import the text with the default settings, click Save. To  
select different settings (such as font attributes), click Options.  
You can also insert tags throughout the text to change values while the movie plays.  
Setting the Frame Duration of a Text Track  
With QuickTime Pro, you can set the duration of each frame in an existing text track to  
a value other than 2 seconds. To do so, you export the track, make changes, then  
reimport the track.  
To change the current text frame information:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose File > Export and chooseText to Textfrom the Export  
pop-up menu.  
2 Click Options and selectShow Text, Descriptors, and Time.”  
3 Edit the information in the text file and then import the track back into the movie.  
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Chapter 3 Editing and Authoring with QuickTime Pro  
 
     
The duration for each line of text in the text file appears on a separate line before the  
line of text. The time you type is the length of time after the movie has started at which  
this line of text will appear.  
Timestamps are specified as hours:minutes:seconds:fractions of a second (the default  
Text to Text export setting is 1/600th of a second). For example, if you enter the time  
00:02:11:00, the text on the following line appears at 2 minutes and 11 seconds into  
the movie.  
For information about the other text track descriptors, see the developer section of the  
Specifying Languages for Individual Tracks  
With QuickTime Pro, you can create a movie with support for multiple languages by  
specifying a language for an individual track. For example, you can create a movie that  
contains a separate audio track for each language. QuickTime automatically plays the  
correct track, based on the language setting of the user’s computer.  
To specify languages:  
1 Create or assemble the alternate tracks.  
Record voiceovers in each desired language or create text tracks to use as subtitles.  
Save each alternate track as a self-contained movie, and put all the alternates together  
in a single folder.  
2 Put a copy of your original movie, self-contained and minus any tracks that are now  
stored as alternates, in the folder with the alternates.  
3 Open the movie and choose Window > Show Movie Properties.  
4 In the Properties window, select a sound or text track and click Other Settings.  
5 Choose the language of this track from the Language pop-up menu.  
6 Choose a track to use when a different language is selected from the Alternate pop-up  
menu.  
7 Save as a self-contained movie (choose Edit > Save As and make sureMake movie self-  
containedis selected).  
8 Repeat these steps for additional language tracks; each time, choose the previously  
selected language from the Alternate pop-up menu.  
Chapter 3 Editing and Authoring with QuickTime Pro  
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Changing Movie Properties  
The following sections describe how to resize or rotate a movie, set a movie’s poster  
frame, and more.  
Adding Annotations to a Movie  
With QuickTime Pro, you can add annotations to document information about the  
movie, such as its author, director, and copyright information. You can annotate the  
entire movie and any of its individual tracks.  
To annotate a movie:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose Window > Show Movie Properties.  
2 Select an item from the list and click Annotations.  
3 Choose an annotation to add from the Add Annotation pop-up menu.  
4 Enter the annotation in the Value column of the list.  
Users who don’t have QuickTime Pro see only three of the annotations the movie  
contains. (Which three appear depends on which annotations the movie contains.)  
Resizing, Flipping, or Rotating a Movie  
With QuickTime Pro, you can change the size and orientation of a video track of a  
movie.  
To resize or rotate a QuickTime movie:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose Window > Show Movie Properties.  
2 In the Properties window, select a video track and click Visual Settings.  
3 To resize the movie, type new numbers in the Current Size fields.  
To keep the same height-to-width proportions, select Preserve Aspect Ratio.  
4 To rotate the movie, click one of the rotate buttons.  
Flip horizontal  
or vertical  
Rotate right or left  
To restore the movie to its original appearance, click Reset.  
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Chapter 3 Editing and Authoring with QuickTime Pro  
 
           
Changing a Movie’s Shape with a Video Mask  
With QuickTime Pro, you can change the shape of a movie from rectangular to other  
shapes using a video mask. In combination with a media skin; you canskina movie so  
that it plays in a non-rectangular region (for example, a movie could play from within a  
ship porthole), and then use a mask to restrict the movie’s shape to the desired  
playback region.  
Use a graphics program to create the mask and save it as a QuickTime-compatible file  
(for example, BMP, GIF, JPEG, or PICT). The mask should be a black shape on a white  
background. The movie appears through the black shape.  
To add a video mask:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose Window > Show Movie Properties.  
2 Select the video track you want to assign the mask to, then click Visual Settings.  
3 Drag the mask file to the Mask well in the Properties window, or click Choose to select  
the file.  
Changing a Track’s Transparency  
With QuickTime Pro, you can create a track that is partly transparent. This technique is  
useful, for example, for overlaying a movie with a logo.  
To change a track’s transparency:  
1 Add the track to the movie. (See “Extracting, Adding, and Moving Trackson page 32.)  
2 Choose Window > Show Movie Properties.  
3 Select the track and click Visual Settings.  
4 Choose Blend from the Transparency pop-up menu and drag the Transparency Level  
slider.  
With QuickTime Pro, you can create a pop-up chapter list to navigate to specific points  
in a movie. First you create a list of topics (or entry points), and then you import the list  
into the movie as a text track. When you play the movie in QuickTime Player, the  
current chapter displays in the movie controller. (See “Opening and Playing Movies in  
QuickTime Playeron page 11.)  
To create a chapter list:  
1 In a text editor or word processor, type your list of chapters and save the document as  
plain text.  
Make each item very short (preferably one word but no more than two or three words)  
and separate each item with a return character.  
2 In QuickTime Player, choose File > Open File, select the text file, and click Open.  
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3 Choose File > Export. In the Export pop-up menu, choose “Text to Text.” In the Use  
pop-up menu, chooseText with Descriptors.”  
4 Click Options. In the Text Export Settings dialog, selectShow Text, Descriptors, and  
Time”; selectShow time relative to start of Movie”; and set fractions of seconds to 1/30  
(the default is 1/1000).  
5 Click OK, then click Save to create a text file with descriptors.  
6 Open the exported list in your text editor or word processor, and open the target  
movie in QuickTime Player.  
7 Choose Window > Show Movie Info.  
8 In QuickTime Player, drag the playhead on the timeline to find the first point in the  
movie where you want to begin a new chapter.  
Use the Right and Left Arrow keys to step forward or backward a frame at a time as  
needed. Note the current time in the Properties window.  
9 In the text file, find the first chapter title and change the timestamp just before that  
chapter title to the time you noted in the Properties window.  
The timestamp might now read, for example, [00:01:30.15], meaning that selecting the  
first chapter title will jump the viewer 1 minute, 30 seconds, and 15 frames into the  
movie.  
10 Repeat steps 9 through 11 until you’ve identified all the places in the movie that  
correspond to the chapter divisions and you’ve entered the proper timestamps in the  
text file.  
11 Change the last timestamp (the one after the last chapter title in the text file) to match  
the duration of the movie.  
12 Save the text file and import it into QuickTime Player.  
QuickTime creates a new movie with just a text track.  
13 Choose Edit > Select All, choose Edit > Copy, and close the movie.  
14 Click in the main movie, choose Edit > Select All, and then choose Edit >Add to  
Movie.”  
QuickTime adds the text track to the movie.  
15 Choose Window > Show Movie Properties.  
16 In the Properties window, select the video or audio track you want to associate with  
the chapter track, and click Other Settings.  
17 Choose the main video or audio track from the Chapters pop-up menu.  
If you have a movie with alternate subtitle or sound tracks, you can create multiple  
chapter lists in different languages and set the appropriate subtitle or sound track as  
the owner of each chapter list. The chapter list will change to match the selected  
language.  
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Chapter 3 Editing and Authoring with QuickTime Pro  
 
18 Select the text track, then selectPreload this track(to make the chapter track load  
first).  
19 Deselect the new text track so that it doesn’t display on top of the video.  
The new track will still function as a chapter track.  
20 Save the movie as a self-contained movie.  
You can now choose a chapter title from the pop-up menu to the right of the timeline.  
Setting a Movie’s Poster Frame  
A poster frame is a still image of a movie that represents the movie in places like the  
QuickTime Player Favorites window and the Finder. The default poster frame is the first  
frame in the movie. With QuickTime Pro, you can change the poster frame.  
To change a movie’s poster frame:  
1 In QuickTime Player, drag the playhead (or use the arrow keys to move the playhead) to  
the desired frame.  
2 Choose View > Set Poster Frame.  
To view a movie’s poster frame, choose View >Go to Poster Frame.”  
Saving a Movie with Specific Playback Settings  
With QuickTime Pro, you can specify how a movie should open and play, what happens  
when the movie finishes, and the method QuickTime uses to resize the video.  
To specify playback options:  
1 Choose Window > Show Movie Properties.  
2 Select the movie name, and then click Presentation.  
3 Select the desired options.  
4 Save the movie.  
Changing the Movie Controller Type  
With QuickTime Pro, you can specify the kind of playback controls available on the  
QuickTime Player window. For a QTVR movie, for example, you can save the movie with  
one of the QTVR movie controllers.  
To specify a movie controller type:  
1 Choose Window > Show Movie Properties.  
2 Select Movie and click Presentation.  
3 Choose an option from the Movie Controller Type pop-up menu.  
4 Save the movie.  
Chapter 3 Editing and Authoring with QuickTime Pro  
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4
Exporting Files  
with QuickTime Pro  
4
If you want more control over how QuickTime creates  
a file, use the Export feature of QuickTime Pro.  
With QuickTime Pro, you can export a movie to a number of different file formats, such  
as QuickTime movie (MOV), MPEG-4, 3GPP, 3GPP2, AVI, and DV. In addition, you can  
export an audio track to several different audio formats, export the individual frames of  
a movie as separate image files, or export a text track to a text file.  
To see the list of file formats available for a movie open in QuickTime Player, choose  
File > Export and browse the list of file format choices in the Export pop-up menu.  
About Video and Audio Compression  
Because uncompressed video and audio require a lot of disk space to store and a lot of  
bandwidth (the rate at which data can be transferred) to deliver, you’ll want to  
compress (encode) your movie before sending it to another computer or on the web.  
Movies are usually compressed (encoded) as part of the export process.  
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Exporting Files Using Presets  
QuickTime Pro offers a myriad of settings and options for compressing video and audio  
during export. To help simplify the process of compressing and exporting,  
QuickTime Pro also offers export presets. Different presets are available for each file  
format.  
To export a movie using presets:  
1 In QuickTime Player, open the movie you wish to export.  
2 Choose File > Export.  
3 Choose a file format from the Export pop-up menu.  
4 Choose the preset that best meets your needs from the Use pop-up menu.  
For example, to export a movie for use with a video-capable iPod, chooseMovie to  
iPod.To export a movie that is optimized for Apple TV, chooseMovie to Apple TV.”  
5 Choose a filename and location, and click Save.  
Note: To use the same settings you used during the last export, choose Most Recent  
Settings from the Use pop-up menu.  
Customizing Export Settings  
For the greatest possible control when compressing and exporting media files, use the  
export options available in QuickTime Pro.  
For video compression and export, QuickTime Pro offers customizable settings in three  
categories: video settings, filters (also known as special effects), and image size.  
QuickTime Pro also offers many options for customizing compression settings for  
sound.  
The following topics provide information about which options to choose when  
exporting and compressing movies.  
Customizing Video Export Settings  
To customize video settings for export:  
1 Choose File > Export.  
2 Choose a file format from the Export pop-up menu. For the options discussed below,  
chooseMovie to QuickTime Movie.”  
3 Click Options.  
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4 In the Video area of the Movie Settings dialog, click Settings, and then choose your  
settings.  
 Compression type: Choose the video compressor (codec) you want to use to  
compress your video. For the highest quality at the lowest data rate (or the smallest  
file), H.264 is recommended.  
 Data rate (bit rate): In general, the higher the data rate, the better the quality, but  
the bigger the file. In most cases, you’ll want to set a data rate based on the way your  
movie will be viewed. For example, for streaming to Internet dialup connections, limit  
the data rate to around 45 kilobits per second to leave room for network traffic. If the  
file will be downloaded for playback, the data rate can be higher (a 56K modem user,  
however, has longer to wait before playback begins). The data rate of a movie is also  
affected by other compression options you set, such as the frame rate. To let the  
compressor choose an appropriate data rate, select Automatic.  
 Optimized for: Choose your intended delivery method from theOptimized for”  
pop-up menu. This setting informs the codec how much the data rate can vary  
above and below the data rate you choose. This option is available only for  
compressors that can apply limits, such as H.264.  
 Key frame options: Many compressors useframe differencingto compress moving  
images. Frame differencing is the process of determining what information has  
changed from a starting frame (called a key frame) to subsequent frames. The key  
frame contains all of the information for an image. Subsequent frames contain only  
the information that has changed.  
Depending on the compressor you use, you can specify how often you want key  
frames to occur. If you don’t have enough key frames, the quality of your movie  
might be lower because most frames are generated from others. However, more key  
frames result in a larger movie with a higher data rate. With some compressors, an  
additional key frame is inserted automatically if too much of the image has changed  
from one frame to the next. A good rule of thumb for general use is to have one key  
frame every 5 seconds (multiply the frames per second by 5). If you are creating a file  
for RTSP streaming and have concerns about the reliability of the delivery network  
(as with the public Internet), you may want to increase key frame frequency to one  
key frame every 1 or 2 seconds. To let the compressor choose the key frame interval,  
select Automatic.  
 Frame rate: Frame rate is the number of individual images shown every second.  
Standard (NTSC) video has a frame rate of 29.97 frames per second (fps), and the  
standard for film is 24 fps. The European standard (PAL) is 25 fps. QuickTime movies  
are sometimes created with a slower frame rate to reduce bandwidth and CPU  
requirements.  
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Chapter 4 Exporting Files with QuickTime Pro  
 
     
Movies with higher frame rates show motion better but have larger file sizes. If you  
choose a frame rate that’s lower than the movie’s current frame rate, frames will be  
deleted. If you choose a number that’s higher than the movie’s current frame rate,  
existing frames will be duplicated (not recommended, since it increases file size  
without improving quality). When choosing a frame rate, use a simple fraction of  
your current frame rate, such as 1/2, 1/3, and so on. For example, if your current  
frame rate is 30 (29.97), use 15 or 10.  
 Other options: Some compressors or codecs offer options specific to the codec.  
After you select a compressor (codec), any special options appear.  
Adding Special Effects and Filters to a QuickTime Movie  
With QuickTime Pro, you can add special effects such as blur, emboss, and film noise to  
a movie before you export it. You add special effects by using filters.  
To set a filter for a movie:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose File > Export.  
2 ChooseMovie to QuickTime Moviefrom the Export pop-up menu.  
3 Click Options, click Filter, and select the filter and settings you want to use.  
The selected filter is applied to the entire movie.  
Changing Image (Frame) Size  
With QuickTime Pro, you can change the size of a movie’s video frame. For example, if  
your movie will be viewed on a small screen (such as a mobile device), you can change  
the movie’s dimensions to match the target device. You can experiment with making  
the frame size smaller for a given data rate to get better encoding results.  
To change the size of a movie’s video frame:  
1 Choose File > Export.  
2 Choose a file format from the Export pop-up menu.  
3 Click Options.  
4 In the Video area of the Movie Settings dialog, click Size and then choose an option:  
 Use current size: This option (the default) keeps the exported movie’s image size the  
same as your original source movie.  
 Use custom size: When you choose this option, you can specify (in pixels) a height  
and width for the exported movie’s image size. For best results, choose dimensions  
smaller than your source movie, and keep the height-to-width ratio the same as the  
source (so that objects don’t appear distorted).  
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Customizing Sound Export Settings  
To customize sound settings for export:  
1 Choose File > Export.  
2 ChooseMovie to QuickTime Moviefrom the Export pop-up menu.  
3 Click Options.  
4 In the Sound area of the Movie Settings dialog, click Settings and then choose your  
options:  
 Format: Choose the compressor (codec) you want to use for compressing sound. For  
general use and Internet delivery of music, MPEG-4 Audio (AAC) is recommended.  
 Channels: Choose between mono (1 channel) or stereo (2 channels).  
 Rate: Digitized sound is made up of sound samples. The more samples per second,  
the higher the sound quality. To maintain quality, music requires a higher sampling  
rate than spoken voice because music uses a wider range of frequencies. Audio CDs  
use a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz.  
 Render Settings: Choose the quality of the signal processing that will be used;  
higher quality settings take longer to process.  
 Other options: To see any additional options specific to your chosen codec, click the  
Options button. if it’s available.  
Preparing Movies for Internet Delivery  
With QuickTime Pro, you can create movies so that they can be delivered over the  
Internet. You can deliver a movie over the Internet in two ways:  
 With HTTP download, the movie is downloaded to the client’s hard disk. Fast Start is  
a QuickTime feature that enables users to watch or listen to media as it is being  
downloaded (long before the whole movie has been downloaded) from a standard  
web server to their hard disks. Fast Start works well for short-form movies where file  
size is limited. It ensures high-quality playback regardless of users’ Internet  
connection speeds, although those with slower connections will wait longer before  
media starts to play.  
 Real-time streaming provided by QuickTime Streaming Server (QTSS) delivers media  
in real time over the Internet, from modem rates to broadband. No file is ever  
downloaded to a viewer’s hard disk. Media is played, but not stored, by the client  
software as it is delivered. You would choose real-time streaming rather than Fast  
Start for webcasts of live events in real time, delivery of long-form video, 24/7  
Internet radio and TV channels, and other cases in which you don’t files stored on a  
user’s hard disk. QTSS uses the RTSP protocol.  
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Chapter 4 Exporting Files with QuickTime Pro  
 
     
Preparing a Movie for Fast Start  
With QuickTime Pro, you can set up a movie to start playing from a web server before  
the movie has completely downloaded to the user’s hard disk. This is called aFast  
Startmovie.  
Set the Fast Start setting just before you distribute your movie; making other changes  
and resaving may undo the Fast Start setting.  
If the movie is in the format you want, you can set it up for Fast Start by choosing  
File > Save As and then selecting “Save as a self-contained movie.” If the movie is not  
in the format you want, you need to encode it first by following the steps below.  
To convert a movie and set it up for Fast Start:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose File > Export.  
2 ChooseMovie to QuickTime Moviefrom the Export pop-up menu.  
3 Click Options and select video and sound compression options appropriate for web  
delivery.  
For more information, see “Customizing Video Export Settingson page 43,  
quicktime/tools_tips/tutorials/.  
4 Make sure thePrepare for Internet Streamingcheckbox is selected and Fast Start  
appears in the pop-up menu.  
Preparing a Movie for Real-Time Streaming  
With QuickTime Pro, you can set up a movie to be streamed over the Internet. To do so,  
you should compress the movie so that its data rate is appropriate for the bandwidth at  
which your users will connect.  
Hinted streaming format is for use with QuickTime Streaming Server or Darwin  
Streaming Server. When you choose hinted streaming,hint tracks(information  
needed to stream the movie) are added to the movie. If the movie is already in the  
desired format, you can prepare a movie for streaming by choosing File > Export and  
then choosingMovie to Hinted Movie.If you want to change the movie’s format,  
follow the steps below.  
To set up a movie for Internet streaming:  
1 In QuickTime Player, choose File > Export.  
2 ChooseMovie to QuickTime Moviefrom the Export pop-up menu.  
3 Choose a streaming option from the Use pop-up menu.  
4 Click Options and select thePrepare for Internet Streamingcheckbox.  
5 Choose Hinted Streaming from the pop-up menu.  
Chapter 4 Exporting Files with QuickTime Pro  
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If you want to stream a QuickTime movie using QuickTime Streaming Server, you  
should use a web-optimized video or audio compressor to compress the movie file. All  
QuickTime compressors are compatible with QuickTime Streaming Server, but the  
Internet. For a complete list of compressors that QuickTime supports, see the Products  
area of the QuickTime website (www.apple.com/quicktime/products/).  
 Video compressors: H.264, MPEG-4, Sorenson Video (any version), H.263, H.261  
 Audio compressors: AAC, QUALCOMM PureVoice, AMR, QDesign  
Creating Reference Movies to Optimize Web Playback  
You can use reference movies to provide the appropriate movie for different users’  
connection speeds. For example, you can have a smaller movie streamed to users  
connected over a standard modem, and a larger version of the movie streamed to  
users connected over a broadband connection.  
Apple provides a free tool, MakeRefMovie X, that greatly simplifies the process of  
developer.apple.com/quicktime/quicktimeintro/tools/  
Exporting MPEG-4 Files  
MPEG-4 is the latest worldwide industry standard for delivering professional-quality  
audio and video over a wide range of bandwidths, from mobile multimedia to high  
definition. When you want to create a file that will work with another MPEG-4 device,  
use QuickTime Pro to create MPEG-4 content by exporting a movie.  
To export a file to the MPEG-4 format:  
1 Open the movie you want to export in QuickTime Player, then choose File > Export.  
2 ChooseMovie to MPEG-4from the Export pop-up menu.  
Note: To create an MPEG-4 movie that is optimized for use with Apple TV or iPod, select  
“Movie to Apple TVorMovie to iPodfrom the Export pop-up menu. All of the MPEG-  
4 options will be set to the appropriate values for you.  
To adjust settings such as file format, compression, and distribution restrictions, click  
Options. The options you choose depend on the network over which you’ll deliver the  
file and the viewers’ connection. The following sections describe the options in detail.  
MPEG-4 Video Export Options  
When you export a movie to MPEG-4 format (by choosing File > Export and then  
choosingMovie to MPEG-4”), you access the following options by clicking Options and  
then clicking Video.  
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Chapter 4 Exporting Files with QuickTime Pro  
 
             
 Video Format: Choose the video compressor (codec) you want to use to compress  
your video. For the highest quality at the lowest data rate (or the smallest file), H.264  
is recommended. If you need the file to play on a device that supports MPEG-4 video,  
choose MPEG-4 Basic or MPEG-4 Improved, depending on the target device. If your  
source movie’s video track is already compressed, you can choosePass throughso  
that the video doesn’t get compressed again.  
 Data Rate: The more kilobits per second (kbps), the better the movie quality. For  
best playback, however, don’t choose a data rate higher than the available  
bandwidth.  
 Optimized for: If you choose H.264 from the Video Format pop-up menu, choose  
your intended delivery method from theOptimized forpop-up menu. This setting  
tells the codec how much the data rate can vary above and below the data rate you  
choose.  
 Image Size: Current maintains the source material size. To choose a size not listed in  
the pop-up menu, choose Custom.  
 Preserve Aspect Ratio Using: If you are changing the image size, use this option to  
specify an option in case the movie needs to be scaled to the new dimensions.  
Letterbox will scale the source proportionally to fit into the clean aperture, adding  
black bars to the top and bottom or sides as necessary. Crop centers, scales, and  
trims to the clean aperture. Fit Within Dimensions adjusts to the destination size by  
fitting to the longest side, scaling if necessary.  
 Frame Rate: In most cases, your video will look better if you choose a number that is  
exactly divisible by the FPS (frames per second) of your source. For example, if your  
source is captured at 30 FPS, choose a frame rate of 10 or 15. Don’t choose a rate  
larger than that of your source material.  
 Key Frame: The more often you specify a key frame (the lower the number), the  
better the video quality, but the bigger the file.  
If you choose MP4 from the File Format pop-up menu and H.264 from the Video  
Format pop-up menu, and then click Video Options, you get the following additional  
options:  
 Restrict Profile(s) to: If you need the file to play on a device that conforms to one or  
more of the standard’s profiles, check those profiles here.  
 Encoding Mode: Choose whether you want the best quality or faster encoding.  
MPEG-4 Audio Export Options  
When you export a movie to MPEG-4 format (by choosing File > Export and then  
choosingMovie to MPEG-4”), you access the following options by clicking Options and  
then clicking Audio.  
Chapter 4 Exporting Files with QuickTime Pro  
49  
 
     
 Audio Format: Choose your audio compressor (codec) here. If your source movie has  
only one audio track and it is already compressed, you can choosePass throughso  
that the audio doesn’t get compressed again.  
 Data Rate: As with video, the more kilobits per second, the better the audio quality.  
 Channels: Choose between mono (1 channel) or stereo (2 channels).  
 Output Sample Rate: Available only with AAC audio. It’s best to match the sample  
rate to that of the target device.  
 Encoding Quality: Available only with AAC audio. The Good setting is optimized for  
the highest-speed encoding, for higher-quality, choose Best for 16-bit audio, or Better  
if your audio source is 24-bit.  
MPEG-4 Streaming Export Options  
When you export a movie to MPEG-4 format (by choosing File > Export and then  
choosingMovie to MPEG-4”), you access the following options by clicking Options and  
then clicking Streaming.  
If you’re going to deliver the exported file using RTSP streaming, selectEnable  
streaming.”  
Streamed data must be sent in smaller-size packets. Some networks have limitations on  
packet size and packet duration. If your network provider gives you information about  
size limitations, you can change the packet size and the maximum packet duration to  
comply with your delivery network. Otherwise, use the default values.  
Exporting 3G Files  
QuickTime Player can import and play back files for use on 3G networks—high-speed  
mobile networks that enable multimedia to be sent between mobile devices.  
QuickTime supports standards for nearly any kind of 3G mobile network.  
To import a 3G file, choose File > Open File and then select the file. You can also open a  
3G file in QuickTime by dragging it to the QuickTime icon in the Dock or double-  
clicking the file (Mac OS X only).  
With QuickTime Pro, you can export video, audio, and text to one of the many 3G  
formats that QuickTime supports.  
To export a file to the 3G format:  
1 Open the movie you want to export in QuickTime Player, then choose File > Export.  
2 ChooseMovie to 3Gfrom the Export pop-up menu.  
To adjust settings such as file format, compression, and distribution restrictions, click  
Options. The options you choose depend on the mobile network over which you’ll  
deliver the file and the capabilities of the viewer’s phone. The following sections  
describe the options in detail.  
50  
Chapter 4 Exporting Files with QuickTime Pro  
 
       
3G File Format Export Options  
After you choose File > Export and click Options, the first two items in the File Format  
pop-up menu are the standard formats.  
 3GPP is for GSM networks. With this format, you can use:  
 MPEG-4, H.263, or H.264 video  
 AAC or AMR audio  
 3G timed text  
 3GPP2 is for CDMA 2000 networks. With this format, you can use:  
 MPEG-4, H.263, or H.264 video  
 AAC, AMR, or QCELP audio  
 3G timed text  
 Movie fragments (enables playback to start sooner for longer movies, since only  
the fragment, not the whole movie, must fit on the handset)  
The remaining formats are provided for specific networks. With these formats, you can  
restrict distribution so that a file can’t be shared from the recipient’s phone (set this  
option in the Advanced pane). These formats may limit the acceptable file size or data  
rate; check with the service provider for more information.  
 3GPP (Mobile MP4) is for NTT DoCoMo’s i-motion 3G service. With this format, you  
can use the 3GPP options described above.  
 3GPP2 (EZmovie) is for KDDI’s 3G network service. This format provides the same  
options as 3GPP2 (described above), except for AMR audio support.  
 AMC (EZmovie) is for KDDI subscribers with AMC-capable phones. With this format,  
you can use:  
 MPEG-4 video  
 QCELP audio  
 KDDI’s text format  
3G Video Export Options  
 Video Format: If your source movie has only one video track and it is already  
compressed, you can choosePass through(so that the video doesn’t get  
compressed again).  
 Data Rate: The more kilobits per second (kbps), the better the movie quality. For  
best playback, however, don’t choose a data rate higher than the available  
bandwidth.  
 Optimized for: If you choose H.264 from the Video Format pop-up menu, choose  
your intended delivery method from theOptimized forpop-up menu. This setting  
tells the codec how much the data rate can vary above and below the data rate you  
choose.  
Chapter 4 Exporting Files with QuickTime Pro  
51  
 
     
 Image Size: If you’re sending the file to a mobile phone, choose one of the  
standards. Current maintains the source material size; the resulting file may not play  
on a mobile phone. To choose a size not listed in the pop-up menu, choose Custom.  
 Preserve Aspect Ratio Using: If you are changing the image size, use this option to  
specify an option in case the movie needs to be scaled to the new dimensions.  
Letterbox will scale the source proportionally to fit into the clean aperture, adding  
black bars to the top and bottom or sides as necessary. Crop centers, scales, and  
trims to the clean aperture. Fit Within Dimensions adjusts to the destination size by  
fitting to the longest side, scaling if necessary.  
 Frame Rate: In most cases, your video will look better if you choose a number that is  
exactly divisible by the FPS (frames per second) of your source. For example, if your  
source is captured at 30 FPS, choose a frame rate of 10 or 15. Don’t choose a rate  
larger than that of your source material.  
 Key Frame: The more often you specify a key frame (the lower the number), the  
better the video quality, but the bigger the file.  
These additional options are available when you click Video Options:  
 Re-sync markers: Adds re-sync markers inside the video frames to help with packet  
loss recovery when streaming.  
 Encoding Mode: With H.264 video, you can speed up the compression process (for  
preview purposes, for example) by choosingFaster encode (Single-pass).With the  
default option,Best quality (Multi-pass),the codec determines how many passes  
are needed to compress the data for the best quality.  
3G Audio Export Options  
When you export a movie to 3G format (by choosing File > Export and then choosing  
“Movie to 3G”), you access the following options by clicking Options and then clicking  
Audio.  
 Audio Format: If your source movie has only one audio track and it is already  
compressed, you can choosePass through(so that the audio doesn’t get  
compressed again).  
 Data Rate: As with video, the more kilobits per second, the better the audio quality.  
 Channels: Choose between mono (1 channel) or stereo (2 channels).  
 Frames per sample: Available only with AMR audio, this option enables exported  
audio data to be packed more efficiently.  
 Silence detection: Available only with AMR audio, this option detects audio portions  
with low signal levels and adjusts the data rate of the output accordingly.  
 Output Sample Rate: Available only with AAC audio. It’s best to match the sample  
rate to that of the target device.  
 Encoding Quality: Available only with AAC audio. By choosing Best, you can get  
higher-quality audio but it takes longer to encode.  
52  
Chapter 4 Exporting Files with QuickTime Pro  
 
         
3G Text Options  
When you export a movie to 3G format (by choosing File > Export and then choosing  
“Movie to 3G”), you access the following options by clicking Options and then clicking  
Text.  
These options are available if your movie has a text track (credits, titles, subtitles, and so  
on).  
Some mobile devices can’t play text in a movie. To allow the movie to play only if the  
text can be displayed on the receiving device, selectRequire text capability on  
handset.Deselect this checkbox to allow the audio and video to play even if the text  
can’t be displayed on the device.  
3G Streaming Options  
When you export a movie to 3G format (by choosing File > Export and then choosing  
“Movie to 3G”), you access the following options by clicking Options and then clicking  
Streaming.  
To create a file for RTSP streaming to QuickTime Player, selectEnable streaming.This  
option creates a hint track (instructions necessary for streaming a file).  
“Optimize for serverhelps the server to process the file faster, but increases the file  
size.  
3G Advanced Options  
When you export a movie to 3G format (by choosing File > Export and then choosing  
“Movie to 3G”), you access the following options by clicking Options and then clicking  
Advanced.  
If your file is in Mobile MP4 or EZmovie format, you can restrict distribution so that  
once the file is on a handset it can’t be sent or copied anywhere else. You can specify  
how many times the file can play back on the handset once downloaded, or make the  
file expire after a certain number of days or on a certain date.  
“Fragment movieenables the file to download via HTTP in small pieces so that  
playback can start faster and so that larger files can be played on the handset (only the  
fragment, not the entire movie, must fit on the handset at one time).  
Chapter 4 Exporting Files with QuickTime Pro  
53  
 
     
Shortcuts and Tips  
Learn keyboard shortcuts and other tips for using  
QuickTime efficiently.  
QuickTime Player Keyboard Shortcuts  
QuickTime Player and QuickTime Pro provide keyboard shortcuts for most playback  
options. When available, each of these shortcuts appears to the right of its associated  
menu item. A few keyboard shortcuts have no menu equivalents.  
For this control  
Press (Mac OS X)  
Space bar  
Press (Windows)  
Space bar  
Play/pause  
Play or pause all movies  
Play movie backward  
Command-Return  
Control-Enter  
Shift–double-click  
Shift–double-click  
Command–Left Arrow  
Stop playback and go back one Left Arrow  
frame  
Left Arrow  
Stop playback and go forward  
one frame  
Right Arrow  
Right Arrow  
Go to beginning of selection or Option–Left Arrow  
movie  
Control–Left Arrow  
Go to end of selection or movie Option–Right Arrow  
Control–Right Arrow  
Up Arrow  
Turn volume up  
Up Arrow  
Turn volume down  
Down Arrow  
Option–Up Arrow  
Down Arrow  
Turn volume up to maximum  
level  
Control–Up Arrow  
Turn volume down to minimum Option–Down Arrow  
level  
Control–Down Arrow  
54  
 
     
QuickTime Pro Keyboard Shortcuts  
To do this  
Press (Mac OS X)  
Command-F  
Command-period or Esc  
Command-0  
Command-1  
Command-2  
Command-3  
I
Press (Windows)  
Control-F  
Enter full-screen mode  
Exit full-screen mode  
Play movie at half size  
Play movie at normal size  
Play movie at double size  
Play movie at full size  
Control-period or Esc  
Control-0  
Control-1  
Control-2  
Control-3  
Move In marker to playhead  
location  
I
Move Out marker to playhead  
location  
O
O
Extend selection to the left  
Extend selection to the right  
Option–Shift–Left Arrow  
Option–Shift–  
Right Arrow  
Extend selection to point clicked Shift-click  
in LCD  
Automating QuickTime Player with AppleScript  
In Mac OS X, you can use AppleScript to automate QuickTime Player functions. For  
example, you can open a movie and tell it to play for a specific duration; automate the  
conversion of movies from one format to another; adjust track playback properties  
such as start time, volume, and layer; or adjust movie properties such as copyright and  
author.  
To determine all of the AppleScript commands you can use to control QuickTime  
Player, install AppleScript and look at the QuickTime Player AppleScript dictionary.  
1 Open Script Editor.  
2 Choose File > Open Dictionary.  
3 Select QuickTime Player.  
Sample QuickTime Player scripts can be found on the AppleScript website  
(www.apple.com/applescript/quicktime/).  
Appendix Shortcuts and Tips  
55  
 
     
Automating QuickTime Player on Windows  
In Windows, you can use JavaScript, Visual Basic, or other Active Scripting languages to  
automate QuickTime Player functions. As with AppleScript on Mac OS X, you can  
control movie playback, convert movies from one format to another, adjust movie and  
track properties, and more.  
There are three QuickTime Player objects available for use:  
 QuickTimePlayerApp  
The application object. This object has a Players property which returns a collection  
of the QuickTime Player windows. The Quit method exits the program.  
 QuickTimePlayers  
Use this object to enumerate player windows; the Remove and Add methods permit  
the removal and creation of new QuickTime Player windows.  
 QuickTimePlayer  
This object has properties and methods to open movies, control the window’s  
position and appearance, and to interact with its menus. The QTControl property  
returns the ActiveX control hosting the window’s movie:  
To examine the QuickTime Player or QuickTime Control interfaces in detail, look at the  
Apple QuickTime Player Library 1.0 or Apple QuickTime Control 2.0 interfaces in a COM  
object browser.  
56  
Appendix Shortcuts and Tips  
 
 
Glossary  
AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format) An audio file format used widely on the web.  
aspect ratio The relationship between the height and width of an image.  
audio channel Audio tracks can contain one or more channels of audio data. Each  
channel represents the sound directed to a particular speaker. For instance, stereo  
tracks contain two audio channels.  
audio channel label Each audio channel may be labeled to specify where its sound  
should be directed. In a stereo track, the channels are typically labeled Left and Right.  
In a 5.1 surround sound track, there are labels for Left, Right, Center, Left Surround,  
Right Surround, and LFE Screen (the subwoofer).  
bandwidth The capacity of a network connection, measured in bits or bytes per  
second (bps or Bps), for carrying data.  
BMP A bitmapped graphics format used for still images in the Windows environment.  
bitmapped Represented by pixels.  
chapter list A list oflocationsin a movie. A user can choose an item from the chapter  
list to go to that point in the movie.  
codec Fromcompressor/decompressor.A codec is technology for compressing and  
decompressing data. Codecs can be implemented in software, hardware, or a  
combination of the two. Codecs can bylossyorlossless,depending on whether data  
is lost during compression.  
compression The process of reducing the data size of a file.  
Darwin Streaming Server A technology for delivering media over the Internet in real  
time. Based on the same code as Apple’s QuickTime Streaming Server (QTSS), Darwin  
Streaming Server is an open-source streaming server.  
57  
 
 
Fast Start A method of delivering a movie so that it can start playing before it is fully  
downloaded.  
frame A single image in a movie.  
frame rate The number of frames displayed per second.  
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) A file format for images.  
hint track In a streamed movie, a hint track specifies for the server how the movie’s  
content is to be transmitted.  
hot spot A place in a virtual reality movie where the user can interact with the movie  
using the mouse.  
Instant-On A technology that dramatically improves access to streaming content for  
broadband users.  
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) A standard for compressing still images.  
layer In QuickTime movies, how an image is displayed depends on its layer; images  
with lower layer numbers are displayed on top.  
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) A software and hardware standard set by  
the music industry that enables electronic instruments to communicate with one  
another and with computers.  
MP3 (MPEG-1 layer 3) A format for compressing music.  
MPEG-4 An ISO standard based on the QuickTime file format that defines multimedia  
file and compression formats.  
node In QuickTime VR, a point from which an object or panorama can be viewed.  
NTSC (National Television System Committee) The organization that defines North  
American broadcast standards. The term NTSC video also refers to the video standard  
defined by the committee, which is 29.97 fps, 525 lines per frame, and interlaced.  
PAL (Phase Alternation by Line) A video format used by many European countries and  
other countries outside North America. The PAL standard is 25 fps, 625 lines per frame,  
and interlaced.  
PICT A Mac OS picture file format that does not apply compression to an image and  
therefore maintains the same quality level from copy to copy.  
pixel The onscreen dots that form text and graphics. A contraction of the words picture  
and element.  
plug-in Software that helps a web browser interpret certain types of media files.  
58  
Glossary  
 
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) A file format for images.  
poster In QuickTime, a still image, usually a single frame from a movie, used to  
represent the movie to users.  
protocol A set of standards for sending and receiving information on a network.  
QTSS (QuickTime Streaming Server) A technology used to deliver media over the  
Internet in real time.  
QuickTime Player An application that opens and plays QuickTime movies, as well as  
many other kinds of files.  
QuickTime Pro A version of QuickTime Player with advanced features, primarily the  
addition of editing capabilities.  
QuickTime VR A QuickTime media type with which users can interact with three-  
dimensional places and objects.  
reference movie A file that contains the location of one or more media files. A  
reference file linked from a webpage, for example, can direct a QuickTime Player to the  
version encoded for a particular connection speed.  
RGB Red, green, blue; a way of representing colors onscreen.  
RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol) A protocol for controlling a stream of real-time  
multimedia content. Sources of data can include both live feeds and stored digital  
video.  
sprite An image that is defined once and is then animated by commands that change  
its position or appearance.  
streaming Delivery of video or audio data over a network in real time, in packets  
instead of in a single file download.  
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) A format for graphics, commonly used to transfer  
bitmapped images between applications.  
track A single data type in a QuickTime movie. A movie may contain one or more  
tracks.  
tween track A track that modifies the display of other tracks.  
virtual reality (VR) The effect achieved by QuickTime VR, where users can manipulate  
objects or environments.  
wav A Windows format for sound files.  
Glossary  
59  
 
Index  
3G files  
exporting 50–52  
sharing movies via 29  
A
A/V Controls 18  
animations 27  
annotations 38  
audio  
Favorites 17  
file formats 9  
B
balance  
changing for an audio track 34  
bit rate. See data rate  
browser  
H
C
color  
I
changing a movie’s border 24  
compressing audio and video 42–52  
content guide 19  
importing files 9  
Internet  
D
J
data rate 14, 44, 47, 49, 51  
dimensions of a movie  
determining 35  
disk cache 13  
K
keyboard shortcuts 54  
key frame options 44  
displays  
using more than one 23  
L
E
languages 37  
Layer control 34  
editing QuickTime movies 30–39  
60  
 
 
M
saving a movie 27  
memory options 25  
MIDI 16  
size  
monitors. See displays  
movie controller 41  
MPEG-4 files  
exporting 48–50  
still images  
N
converting to slideshow 27  
O
P
titles 22  
playing sound 19  
“Play movies automatically” checkbox 13  
“Preload this track” checkbox 25, 41  
adding a text track 35  
Q
QuickTime plug-in 12  
QuickTime Pro  
V
versions  
virtual reality movies 15  
volume 11, 34  
QuickTime website 13  
adjusting during playback 12  
changing sound track volume 34  
R
recording audio and video 25  
reference movies 13, 26, 27, 48  
repeating a movie 20  
resizing a movie 38  
W
web. See Internet  
Index  
61  
 

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